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Breast cancer growth gene identified

Breast cancer growth gene identified

HOUSTON - U.S. medical researchers say they have identified the gene that enables breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Baylor College of Medicine scientists say they've discovered a master gene called SRC-3 (steroid receptor coactivator 3) not only enhances estrogen-dependent growth of cancer cells by activating and encouraging the transcription of a genetic message into a protein, but it also sends a signal to the cell membrane to promote cell motility or movement. The researchers, led by Dr. Bert O'Malley, said their finding not only uncovers a new activity for SRC-3, it also explains how the epidermal growth factor receptor at the membrane gets a signal to the enzyme that tells the cell to move -- and ultimately grow -- allowing the cancer to invade surrounding tissue. "Now we have a final picture as to why epidermal growth factor receptor and the estrogen receptor are the most dangerous combination of molecules overproduced in breast cancer," O'Malley said. "When they are both over functioning, people die quickly and are resistant to therapy." The study that included scientists from the George Washington Univ- ersity Medical Center appears in the journal Molecular Cell.

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New way to fight malaria, bacteria found

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. - University of Illinois medical scientists say they've discovered an unusual chemical reaction that allows malaria parasites and many bacteria to survive. The researchers, led by Professor Eric Oldfield, said they also have learned how to exploit that chemical reaction by developing a potent inhibitor for it. "There is an urgent need for new drugs to combat malaria and bacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis, that are becoming resistant to existing treatments," Oldfield said. "Millions of people have tuberc- ulosis, for example, and some of the bacterial strains that cause TB are completely drug resistant. The parasites that cause malaria also have become resistant to quinine, chloro- quine and now artemisinin -- three common treatments for the disease." The scientists said the chemical pathway they discovered occurs in malaria parasites and in most bacteria, but not in humans or other animals, thereby making it an ideal drug target. The findings are reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Tissue regeneration molecular path found

Tissue regeneration molecular path found

CINCINNATI - U.S. researchers say they've discovered a molec- ular pathway that can regenerate damaged kidney tissue. In a multi-institution collaboration led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Harvard Medical School, scientists said their findings might also lead to new thera- pies for repairing injuries in several other organ systems.
They said the study might have significant medical ramif- ications because there are currently no effective treatments for acute kidney injury. The study's senior co-authors -- Richard Lang, a Cincinnati researcher, and Dr. Jeremy Duffield, a scientist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, said acute kidney injury is a significant cause of kidney disease, cardiovascular complications and early death.
The researchers said the newly discovered molecular repair pathway was found in laboratory mice and involves white blood cells called macrophages that respond to tissue injury by producing a protein called Wnt7b, which has previously been identified with the formation of embryonic kidney tissues.
In their study the scientists found the protein helped initi- ate tissue repair and regeneration in injured kidneys. "Our findings suggest that by migrating to the injured kidney and producing Wnt7b, macrophages are re-establishing an early molecular program for organ development that also is bene- ficial to tissue repair," Lang said. The study is detailed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Appetite Control

Reduce Alcohol Intake

Reduce Alcohol Intake

Alcohol can add hundreds of calories to your daily intake, which can make the difference between weight loss, maintaining your current weight, or gaining weight. A single glass of beer or wine can contain at least 100 calories. Having a few drinks 3-4 nights a week could be adding 1,000 unforeseen calories to your diet. Alcohol also acts as an appetite stimulant, and can lead you to eat or crave foods that are not within with your weight-loss plan. If you are dieting or are simply having trouble getting rid of that last little bit of fat, keep your alcohol intake to a minimum.

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HIV key enzyme structure is determined

HIV key enzyme structure is determined

LONDON - U.S. and British scientists say they have determined the three-dimensional structure of a critical enzyme found in HIV and other retroviruses. The study's lead author, Dr Peter Cherepanov of Imperial College London, said the precise structure of the enzyme called "integrase" was determined by growing a crystal using integrase from a retrovirus called the Prototype Foamy Virus that scientists believe is very similar to the human immunodeficiency virus. Growing the crystal required 40,000 trials during four years of effort by researchers from Imperial College and Harvard University.
Cherepanov said: "It is a truly amazing story. When we started out, we knew that the project was very difficult, and that many tricks had already been tried and given up by others long ago. … Despite initially painstakingly slow progress and very many failed attempts, we did not give up and our effort was finally rewarded." Researchers determined the molecular structure of the crystal with X-ray diffraction data from a synchrotron at the Diamond Light Source in South Oxfordshire. The investigators said their findings will help scientists better understand how existing drugs that inhibit integrase work, how to improve them and how to stop the human immunodeficiency virus from developing resistance to them.
The study appeared in the Jan. 31 edition of the journal Nature.

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Exercise with patience

Exercise with patience

Be patient and concentrate on doing your ab exercises correctly. It is better to do less reps and do them perfectly than to do a whole bunch of sloppy crunches.

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